Please note that there is currently no train running between Caceres and Lisbon.
The Lusitânia Comboio train that used to run this route is now running via Vilar Formoso. I believe this is due to imminent construction works on the new high speed rail link between Lisbon and Madrid.
See:
http://www.cp.pt/cp/displayPage.do?vgnextoid=a6176e29d6b74010VgnVCM1000007b01a8c0RCRD&lang=en
You can find a link to the Lisbon to Faro rail timetable on my blog here:
http://barlaventostravelblog.blogspot.com/
Scroll down on the right hand side panel till you come to:
»» Algarve & Portugal - Travel Transport Links
»» Continue scrolling down in this section till you come to:
Portuguese Railways - 2008 - Lisbon - Algarve Faro/Lagos Timetable
Click on it and you will be able to download the latest timetable in pdf format.
Please note that the autumn/winter timetable will only be online after September.
You will probably need to get a bus from Caceres to Badajoz and then another one to Lisbon.
Alternatively, you could try getting a bus from Caceres to Seville and then the twice daily DAMAS bus from Seville to Faro.
Cubsur has timetables for the latter route here:
http://thomasallen.home.sapo.pt/travel/001.htm
For Caceres - Badajoz - Lisbon try
http://www.auto-res.net
They have several daily service between Caceres and Badajoz and at present at least two daily service between Badajoz and Lisbon.
http://www.alsa.es
This company also has several services a day between Badajoz and Lisbon.
Check the timetables in October as the winter schedules are not yet available.